Metathalamus
Die Corpora geniculata (Kniehöcker), in der Gesamtheit auch als Metathalamus bezeichnet, sind ein Teil des Thalamus und damit Teil des Zwischenhirns. Sie werden zu den Kernen mit Faserbeziehungen zu umschriebenen Kortexarealen des Thalamus gezählt.
Dabei ist das Corpus geniculatum laterale ein Element der Sehbahn und das Corpus geniculatum mediale der Hörbahn. Sie dienen jeweils als Umschaltstelle bzw. der Signalweiterleitung.
Topographie
Das Corpus geniculatum laterale (CGL) befindet sich am ventrokaudalen Ende des Thalamus und wölbt sich nach lateral vor. In ihm mündet bogenförmig die Radix lateralis des Tractus opticus.
:background_color(FFFFFF):format(jpeg)/images/library/8296/BvMmYOhIwBZ88eAUcvUSkA_Corpus_geniculatum_laterale_01.png "Corpus geniculatum laterale / seitlicher Kniehöcker - kraniale Ansicht"){kind=logo}
Corpus geniculatum laterale / seitlicher Kniehöcker - kraniale Ansicht
Unmittelbar medial des CGL liegt das Corpus geniculatum mediale (CGM). Beide Corpora gehören zur ventralen Kerngruppe des Thalamus.
:background_color(FFFFFF):format(jpeg)/images/library/8297/YfXo8wnBemOAl9he1956w_Corpus_geniculatum_mediale_01.png "Corpus geniculatum mediale / innerer Kniehöcker - kraniale Ansicht"){kind=logo}
Corpus geniculatum mediale / innerer Kniehöcker - kraniale Ansicht
Aufbau
Trotz ihres gleichen Ursprungs sind die beiden Corpora geniculata unterschiedlich aufgebaut. Das CGL besitzt eine Aufteilung in sechs Schichten, während das CGM nur in drei Kerne gegliedert ist.
:background_color(FFFFFF):format(jpeg)/images/library/8298/bMpm8ex6poupm2WbJdNU4w_Lateral_geniculae_body_01.png "Corpus geniculatum laterale / seitlicher Kniehöcker - dorsale Ansicht"){kind=logo}
Corpus geniculatum laterale / seitlicher Kniehöcker - dorsale Ansicht
Diese unterschiedliche Art des Aufbaus ist durch Migrationsbewegungen der Neuronen während der Reifung und Entwicklung des Gehirns und Interaktion mit einwachsenden Fasern bedingt.
:background_color(FFFFFF):format(jpeg)/images/library/8299/DAF1KdqfsomLymqWPV7wA_Medial_geniculate_body_01.png "Corpus geniculatum mediale / innerer Kniehöcker - dorsale Ansicht"){kind=logo}
Corpus geniculatum mediale / innerer Kniehöcker - dorsale Ansicht
Verschaltungen und Funktion
Das CGL erhält seine Afferenzen vorwiegend über den Tractus opticus, welcher visuelle Informationen des kontralateralen Gesichts liefert. Diese Informationen werden verschaltet und über die Radiatio opticae (Sehstrahlung) zur Sehrinde im Okzipitallappen weitergeleitet.
:background_color(FFFFFF):format(jpeg)/images/library/8300/yc0PIs2wOzRPFRaFsb2Pw_Corpi_Geniculati_Laterate_2.png "Corpus geniculatum laterale mit Sehbahn / seitlicher Kniehöcker mit Sehbahn - kraniale Ansicht"){kind=logo}
Corpus geniculatum laterale mit Sehbahn / seitlicher Kniehöcker mit Sehbahn - kraniale Ansicht
Das CGM wird jeweils von den ipsilateralen Colliculi inferiores angesteuert. Die auditorischen Informationen werden auf das letzte Neuron der Hörbahn verschaltet und gelangen zur Hörrinde im Temporallappen.
Der Metathalamus gehört zum Thalamus und setzt sich aus den Corpora geniculata zusammen.
-> Das Corpus geniculatum laterale ist mit Fasern der Sehbahn und dem Okzipitallappen verschaltet.
-> Das Corpus geniculatum mediale bildet einen Teil der Hörbahn und projiziert auf den Temporallappen.
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