Vena iliaca externa
Die Vena iliaca externa (äußere Darmbeinvene) ist der äußere Ast der proximal aus dem Zusammenfluss der V. iliaca interna (innere Darmbeinvene) und V. iliaca externa entstehenden V. iliaca communis (gemeinsame Darmbeinvene).
Sie drainiert das Blut der gesamten unteren Extremität über die V. femoralis (Oberschenkelvene) sowie zusätzlich von Venen des Beckens und der ventralen Bauchwand.
Verlauf
:background_color(FFFFFF):format(jpeg)/images/library/8596/wL50dZOFovT8XQCtrV2iw_V._iliaca_externa_dextra_02.png "Vena iliaca externa dextra / rechte äußere Darmbeinvene - dorsale Ansicht"){kind=logo}
Vena iliaca externa dextra / rechte äußere Darmbeinvene - dorsale Ansicht
Unter dem Leistenband (Ligamentum inguinale) läuft die V. femoralis in der Lacuna vasorum medial der A. femoralis und des Ramus femoralis des N. genitofemoralis. Ab dem Durchtritt unter dem Leistenband wird sie zur V. iliaca externa.
:background_color(FFFFFF):format(jpeg)/images/library/8597/pxqvPbiAM9u42mf3lX3Q_Lig._inguinale_02.png "Ligamentum inguinale / Leistenband - ventrale Ansicht"){kind=logo}
Ligamentum inguinale / Leistenband - ventrale Ansicht
Proximal des Ligamentum inguinale erhält die V. iliaca externa Zufluss aus
- den Vv. epigastricae inferiores und
:background_color(FFFFFF):format(jpeg)/images/library/8598/RB7jM4OmYURmEfyuZZ1A_Vena_epigastrica_inferior_01.png "Venae epigastricae inferiores / untere Bauchdeckenvenen - ventrale Ansicht"){kind=logo}
Venae epigastricae inferiores / untere Bauchdeckenvenen - ventrale Ansicht
- den Vv. circumflexae ilium profundae.
:background_color(FFFFFF):format(jpeg)/images/library/8599/eXyu8NSpzX5LMdjJlb0OA_Circumflex_deep_iliac_vein.png "Vena circumflexa ilium profunda - dorso-kraniale Ansicht"){kind=logo}
Vena circumflexa ilium profunda - dorso-kraniale Ansicht
Schließlich konfluiert sie mit der V. iliaca interna (innere Darmbeinvene) zur V. iliaca communis, die später in die V. cava inferior (untere Hohlvene) übergeht.
Klinik
Die tiefe Beinvenenthrombose (TVT) beschreibt einen inkompletten oder kompletten Verschluss eines venösen Gefäßes der unteren Extremität. Im Rahmen einer TVT finden sich die Thromben in etwa 10% der Fälle in den Venae iliacae. Die Thrombuslokalisierung erfolgt mittels Doppler-Sonographie.
Zu den wichtigsten Risikofaktoren für die Entstehung einer TVT zählen
- lange Immobilität (z.B. Flug, Busfahrt oder postoperative Ruhigstellung) und bereits
- vorgeschädigte Venenklappen sowie
- Nikotinkonsum,
- Einnahme von östrogenhaltigen Kontrazeptiva bei der Frau und
- thrombophile Gerinnungsstörungen.
Mögliche Folgeerkrankung der Beinvenenthrombose sind Lungenarterienembolien oder das postthrombotische Syndrom (PTS) mit der Entstehung von Ulzerationen. Letztere werden durch Stauungsödeme bei chronisch venöser Insuffizienz hervorgerufen, die wiederum eine mögliche Folge der TVT darstellt.
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