Middle ear

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The middle ear consists of an air-filled chamber within the temporal bone known as the tympanic cavity, located between the external and internal parts of the ear. It is sometimes divided into two main parts: the inferior tympanic cavity proper (atrium) and the superior epitympanic recess (attic). The middle ear is bounded laterally by the tympanic membrane and medially by the lateral wall of the internal ear. The roof of the cavity is formed by a thin plate of bone, the tegmen tympani, while the floor is similarly thin, overlying the internal jugular vein.

The tympanic cavity is directly connected to neighbouring anatomical structures and spaces. Anteromedially, it is directly connected with the auditory tube (Eustachian tube) which facilitates equalization of air pressure within the tympanic cavity with ambient pressure. Posteriorly, the tympanic cavity communicates with the mastoid cell of the temporal bone via the mastoid antrum. The result of these direct connections is a continuous mucous membrane between the tympanic cavity, auditory tube, mastoid cells and antrum.

This video tutorial will provide you with an overview of the components of the middle ear.

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Take a closer look at the parts and landmarks of the middle ear and auditory tube in these atlas galleries. 

Summary