Abdomen & Pelvis

1. Peritoneal cavity

   The peritoneal cavity is a space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum, which are the two membranes that separate the organs from the abdominal wall. More.

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   1. Greater omentum

      Overview of the greater omentum and neighbouring abdominal viscera.
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   2. Mesentery

      Overview of the mesentery on anterior view of abdomen with greater omentum reflected and small intestine removed.
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   3. Peritoneal relations

      Peritoneal cavity as seen in a parasagittal section.
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   4. Omental bursa

      Omental bursa in situ with stomach reflected.
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   5. Retroperitoneum

      Structures of the posterior wall of the peritoneal cavity.
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2. Stomach

   The stomach is an organ found in the upper abdomen and is part of the gastrointestinal tract. The main function of this organ is to produce digestive enzymes. More.

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   1. Stomach in situ

      Stomach in situ seen from an anterior view of the abdomen with the liver retracted.
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   2. Musculature and mucosa of the stomach

      Overview of the muscular layers and mucosa of the stomach.
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3. Spleen

   The spleen is found in the upper left part of the abdomen. Its main functions include filtering your blood, creating new blood cells and store platelets. More.

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   1. Structure of the spleen

      Overview of the main structures of the spleen.
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   2. Spleen microcirculation

      A close look at the structures involved in open and closed splenic circulation.
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4. Liver

   The liver is a large essential organ found in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen. It is a multifunctional unit that performs such duties as detoxification. More.

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   1. Liver in situ

      Liver in situ seen from an anterior view of the abdomen with liver retracted.
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   2. Anterior view of the liver

      Structures seen on the anterior view of the isolated liver.
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   3. Inferior view of the liver

      Structures seen on the inferior view of the isolated liver.
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   4. Posterior view of the liver

      Structures seen on the posterior view of the isolated liver.
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   5. Gallbladder

      Gallbladder and neighbouring structures.
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5. Pancreas

   The pancreas is an accessory organ of the GI tract whose function is to release substances that help regulate the blood sugar levels as well as digestion. More.

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   1. Pancreas in situ

      Pancreas in situ seen from the anterior view.
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   2. Pancreatic duct system

      The pancreatic ducts carry digestive enzymes from the pancreas to the duodenum.
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6. Small intestine

   The small intestine is the part of the GI tract between the stomach and large intestine. This structure is divided into 3 parts: duodenum, jejunum and ileum. More.

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   1. Duodenum

      Structure of the duodenum, including the mucosa and muscular layers.
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   2. Arteries of the small intestine

      Arteries of the small intestine with focus on the superior mesenteric artery.
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   3. Veins of the small intestine

      Veins that drain the small intestine.
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   4. Innervation of the small intestine

      Nerves of the small intestine seen from an anterior view of the abdomen.
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   5. Lymph nodes of the small intestine

      Lymph nodes and vessels of the small intestine and neighbouring structures.
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7. Large intestine

   The large intestine is the last part of the GI tract. It functions to absorb water from fecal matter and helps the body get rid of the remaining waste material. More.

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   1. Large intestine

      Structure of the large intestine, including the mucosa and musculature.
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   2. Rectum and anal canal

      Structures of the rectum and anal canal seen on a coronal section, anterior view of the female pelvis.
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   3. Arteries of the large intestine

      Arteries of the large intestine seen from an anterior view, with the jejunum and ileum removed, and transverse colon reflected.
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   4. Blood vessels of the rectum

      Arteries and veins of the rectum.
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8. Kidneys

   The kidneys are a pair of organs shaped like beans and located in the back of the abdomen. The main function of those organs is to filter your blood. More.

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   1. Kidneys in situ

      Kidneys in situ seen from the anterior view.
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   2. Overview of the kidney

      Overview of the kidney and related structures seen from an anterior view of the right kidney.
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   3. Kidney structure

      Overview of the internal structure of the kidney seen from a coronal section of the right kidney.
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   4. Renal arteries

      Arteries of the kidneys seen on the anterior view of the right kidney.
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9. Ureter

   The ureters are tubes made of smooth muscle fibers that take urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.. More.

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   1. Ureters in situ

      Abdominal and pelvic parts of the ureters and related structures.
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10. Pelvis

    The pelvis is the lower part of the abdomen and houses the reproductive organs and the end of the digestive tract. All surrounded by pelvic bones and muscles. More.

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    1. Muscles of the pelvic floor

       Overview of the muscles that form the pelvic floor.
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    2. Superior view of the female pelvis

       Ligaments, vessels and organs of the female pelvis as seen from a superior view
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    3. Female pelvic viscera and perineum

       Contents of the female pelvis, including viscera and perineum.
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    4. Male pelvic viscera and perineum

       Contents of the male pelvis, including viscera and perineum.
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    5. Blood supply of the female pelvis

       Arteries and veins of the female pelvis.
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    6. Blood supply of the male pelvis

       Arteries and veins of the male pelvis.
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    7. Nerves of the female pelvis

       Innervation of the female pelvis.
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    8. Nerves of the male pelvis

       Innervation of the male pelvis.
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    9. Lumbar plexus

       The lumbar plexus supplies the abdominal wall, pelvis and lower limb.
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    10. Sacral plexus

        The sacral plexus is a nerve plexus which supplies the pelvis and lower limb.
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    11. Neurovasculature of the female perineum

        Arteries, veins and nerves of the female perineum.
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11. Urinary bladder

    The urinary bladder is a hollow muscular organ responsible for collecting urine coming from the kidneys through the ureters and excreting it via the urethra. More.

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    1. Female urinary bladder

       Anterior view of coronal section of the female bladder in the pelvis and pelvic floor.
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    2. Male urinary bladder

       Anterior view of coronal section of the male bladder in the pelvis and pelvic floor.
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12. Female reproductive organs

    The female reproductive system consists of organs specialized in functions like gamete production and nurturing a fertilized egg as it develops into a fetus. More.

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    1. Uterus and ovaries

       Structures of the uterus and ovaries seen with uterus straightened.
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    2. Uterus and vagina

       Structure of the uterus and vagina seen on an anterior coronal section.
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    3. Female perineum

       A surface view of the region between the pubic symphysis and the coccyx.
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13. Male reproductive organs

    The male reproductive system consists of organs specialized in many functions which include producing, maintaining and transporting sperm and protective fluid. More.

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    1. Structure of the penis

       Structure of the penis seen from inferior view.
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    2. Penis and male urethra

       Structure of the penis and urethra seen on a longitudinal section.
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    3. Scrotum and spermatic cord

       Scrotum and spermatic cord, including the coverings and contents.
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    4. Testis and epididymis

       The testes and epididymis are paired male reproductive organs involved in the production, development and storage of sperm.
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14. Blood vessels of abdomen & pelvis

    The abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava are the main blood vessels responsible for supplying the abdomen and pelvis, through their branches and tributaries. More.

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    1. Arteries of the stomach, the liver and the spleen

       Arteries which supply the stomach, liver and spleen.
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    2. Arteries of the pancreas, the duodenum and the spleen

       Arteries supplying the pancreas, duodenum and spleen.
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    3. Hepatic portal vein

       Hepatic portal vein, and veins of the stomach, duodenum, pancreas and spleen - including some of the neighbouring arteries.
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15. Lymphatics of the abdomen and the pelvis

    There are many lymph nodes, vessels and organs responsible for lymph circulation in this area of the body. More.

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    1. Lymphatics of the posterior abdominal wall

       Lymph nodes and vessels of the posterior abdominal wall.
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    2. Lymphatics of the stomach and the liver

       Lymph nodes and vessels of the stomach and liver.
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    3. Lymphatics of the pancreas, the duodenum and the spleen

       Lymph nodes and vessels of the pancreas, spleen and duodenum.
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    4. Lymphatics of the urinary organs

       Lymph nodes and vessels of the kidneys, bladder, ureters and urethra.
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    5. Lymphatics of the male genitalia

       Lymph node and vessels of the male genitalia.
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