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Neuroanatomy
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Cerebrum
The Cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and consists of the cerebral cortex which is responsible for motor, sensory and cognitive functions. More.-
Lateral views of the brainStructures seen on the lateral views of the brain.
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Medial view of the brainStructures seen on the medial view of the brain. The images show a midsagittal section of the brain.
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Basal view of the brainStructures seen on the basal view of the brain with the brainstem removed, showing the cut surface of mesencephalon.
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Motor and sensory cortical homunculusMotor and sensory representation of the body in the cortex.
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Cerebrum[80 exam questions] - Clinical anatomy, topography, functions and more details related to the structures found in the cerebrum.
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Subcortical structures
Below the cortex there are important structures (limbic system, diencephalon and ventricles) that play an important role in both motor and cognitive functions. More.-
ThalamusOverview of the thalamus and surrounding structures.
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Hippocampus and fornixHippocampus, fornix and neighbouring structures.
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Thalamic nucleiMain nuclei of the thalamus
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HypothalamusNuclei and connections of hypothalamus
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Hypophyseal portal systemThe system of blood vessels connecting the hypothalamus with the pituitary.
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Basal gangliaMain nuclei of the basal ganglia and surrounding structures.
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Ventricles of the brainVentricular system of the brain with neighboring structures.
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Coronal section of the brain at the level of the thalamusInternal structures of the brain seen at the level of the thalamus.
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Horizontal section of the brainHorizontal sections of the brain at the levels of the genu of the corpus callosum and the habenula.
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Subcortical structures[80 exam questions] - Clinical anatomy, topography, functions and more details related to the subcortical structures of the brain.
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Cerebellum and brainstem
The Cerebellum is responsible for the co-ordination of movements. The Brainstem consists of medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain. More.-
CerebellumAnterior and superior views of the cerebellum.
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Cerebellar nucleiDeep nuclei of the cerebellum
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BrainstemBrainstem and related structures.
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Anterior view of the brainstemAn anterior view of the brainstem and related structures
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Cranial nerve nucleiCranial nerve nuclei in the brainstem seen from lateral and medial views.
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Medulla oblongata - hypoglossal nerve levelStructures of the medulla oblongata at the level of the hypoglossal nerve.
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Medulla oblongata - vagus nerve levelNuclei and tracts of the medulla oblongata at the level of the vagus nerve.
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Cerebellum and brainstem[80 exam questions] - Clinical anatomy, topography, functions and more details related to the structures found in the cerebellum and brainstem.
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Meninges & blood vessels of the brain
In this chapter we will explore the layers that cover the CNS (meninges) and the blood vessels of the brain. More.-
Arteries of the brainArteries of the brain seen from the lateral and medial views of the brain.
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Arteries of the brain IIArteries of the brain seen from the inferior view of the brain.
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Superficial veins of the brainSuperficial veins of the brain seen from lateral and medial views of the brain.
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Meninges of the brainMeninges and superficial vessels of the brain.
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Arachnoid granulationsMeninges, spaces between the meninges and arachnoid granulations.
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Dural venous sinusesDural venous sinuses and neighbouring structures.
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Subarachnoid cisterns of the brainThe cisterns are spaces within the subarachnoid space filled with CSF.
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Spinal cord
The spinal cord and the brain, together, make up the central nervous system (CNS). This chapter will discuss all the anatomy related to the spinal cord. More.-
Spinal cord in situSpinal cord in situ seen at the level of a thoracic vertebra.
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Structure of the spinal cordFull structure of the spinal cord seen from a dorsal view.
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Spinal cord - cross sectionThe spinal cord grey matter and the fiber tracts of the white matter.
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Spinal membranes and nerve rootsSection of the spinal cord showing the spinal membranes and nerve roots.
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Blood vessels of the spinal cordArteries and veins of the spinal cord.
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Spinal cord[80 exam questions] - Clinical anatomy, topography, functions and more details related to the structures found in the spinal cord.
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Pathways of the nervous system
Main motor and sensory tracts of the Central Nervous System.-
Pyramidal tractsThe most important motor pathways of the CNS.
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Posterior column - medial lemniscus pathway (PCML)This is the main ascending (sensory) pathway of the nervous system.
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Taste pathwayNeural pathway of the taste.
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Pathways of the nervous system[40 exam questions] - Clinical anatomy, topography, functions and more details related to the pathways of the nervous system.
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Cranial nerves
The twelve cranial nerves emerge from the brain and the brainstem. Via the cranial nerves, information is exchanged between the brain and areas of the body. More.-
12 cranial nervesOverview of the 12 cranial nerves.
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Olfactory nerveCourse of the olfactory nerve viewed from the left side of a parasagittal section.
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Optic nerveOptic nerve and visual pathway.
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Oculomotor, trochlear and abducens nervesCourse of the oculomotor, abducens and trochlear nerves.
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Ophthalmic nerveCourse and branches of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve.
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Maxillary nerveCourse and branches of the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve.
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Mandibular nerveCourse and branches of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve.
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Facial nerveNuclei, course and branches of the facial nerve.
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Vestibulocochlear nerveNuclei, course and branches of the vestibulocochlear nerve.
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Glossopharyngeal nerveCourse, branches and nuclei of the glossopharyngeal nerve.
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Vagus nerveCourse, branches and nuclei of the vagus nerve.
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Accessory nerveCourse, branches and nuclei of the accessory nerve.
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Hypoglossal nerveCourse, branches and nuclei of the hypoglossal nerve.
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Cranial nerves[85 exam questions] - Clinical anatomy, topography, functions and more details related to the cranial nerves.
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Peripheral nervous system
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of nerve fibers and cell bodies outside the CNS that conduct impulses to or away from the CNS.-
Vertebral columnA lateral view of the vertebral column and spinal cord.
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DermatomesA dermatome is an area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve.
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