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Neuroanatomy

Cerebrum

The Cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and consists of the cerebral cortex which is responsible for motor, sensory and cognitive functions. More.

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1. Lateral views of the brain
  
  Structures seen on the lateral views of the brain.
  
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2. Medial view of the brain
  
  Structures seen on the medial view of the brain. The images show a midsagittal section of the brain.
  
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3. Basal view of the brain
  
  Structures seen on the basal view of the brain with the brainstem removed, showing the cut surface of mesencephalon.
  
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4. Motor and sensory cortical homunculus
  
  Motor and sensory representation of the body in the cortex.
  
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5. Cerebrum
  
  [80 exam questions] - Clinical anatomy, topography, functions and more details related to the structures found in the cerebrum.
  
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Subcortical structures

Below the cortex there are important structures (limbic system, diencephalon and ventricles) that play an important role in both motor and cognitive functions. More.

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1. Thalamus
  
  Overview of the thalamus and surrounding structures.
  
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2. Hippocampus and fornix
  
  Hippocampus, fornix and neighbouring structures.
  
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3. Thalamic nuclei
  
  Main nuclei of the thalamus
  
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4. Hypothalamus
  
  Nuclei and connections of hypothalamus
  
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5. Ventricles of the brain
  
  Ventricular system of the brain with neighboring structures.
  
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6. Coronal section of the brain at the level of the thalamus
  
  Internal structures of the brain seen at the level of the thalamus.
  
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7. Horizontal section of the brain
  
  Horizontal sections of the brain at the levels of the genu of the corpus callosum and the habenula.
  
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8. Subcortical structures
  
  [80 exam questions] - Clinical anatomy, topography, functions and more details related to the subcortical structures of the brain.
  
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Cerebellum and brainstem

The Cerebellum is responsible for the co-ordination of movements. The Brainstem consists of medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain. More.

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1. Cerebellum
  
  Anterior and superior views of the cerebellum.
  
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2. Cerebellar nuclei
  
  Deep nuclei of the cerebellum
  
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3. Brainstem
  
  Brainstem and related structures.
  
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4. Anterior view of the brainstem
  
  An anterior view of the brainstem and related structures
  
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5. Cranial nerve nuclei
  
  Cranial nerve nuclei in the brainstem seen from lateral and medial views.
  
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6. Medulla oblongata - hypoglossal nerve level
  
  Structures of the medulla oblongata at the level of the hypoglossal nerve.
  
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7. Medulla oblongata - vagus nerve level
  
  Nuclei and tracts of the medulla oblongata at the level of the vagus nerve.
  
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8. Cerebellum and brainstem
  
  [80 exam questions] - Clinical anatomy, topography, functions and more details related to the structures found in the cerebellum and brainstem.
  
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Meninges & blood vessels of the brain

In this chapter we will explore the layers that cover the CNS (meninges) and the blood vessels of the brain. More.

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1. Arteries of the brain
  
  Arteries of the brain seen from the lateral and medial views of the brain.
  
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2. Arteries of the brain II
  
  Arteries of the brain seen from the inferior view of the brain.
  
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3. Superficial veins of the brain
  
  Superficial veins of the brain seen from lateral and medial views of the brain.
  
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4. Meninges of the brain
  
  Meninges and superficial vessels of the brain.
  
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5. Arachnoid granulations
  
  Meninges, spaces between the meninges and arachnoid granulations.
  
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6. Dural venous sinuses
  
  Dural venous sinuses and neighbouring structures.
  
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7. Subarachnoid cisterns of the brain
  
  The cisterns are spaces within the subarachnoid space filled with CSF.
  
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Spinal cord

The spinal cord and the brain, together, make up the central nervous system (CNS). This chapter will discuss all the anatomy related to the spinal cord. More.

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1. Spinal cord in situ
  
  Spinal cord in situ seen at the level of a thoracic vertebra.
  
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2. Structure of the spinal cord
  
  Full structure of the spinal cord seen from a dorsal view.
  
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3. Spinal cord - cross section
  
  The spinal cord grey matter and the fiber tracts of the white matter.
  
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4. Spinal membranes and nerve roots
  
  Section of the spinal cord showing the spinal membranes and nerve roots.
  
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5. Blood vessels of the spinal cord
  
  Arteries and veins of the spinal cord.
  
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6. Spinal cord
  
  [80 exam questions] - Clinical anatomy, topography, functions and more details related to the structures found in the spinal cord.
  
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Pathways of the nervous system

Main motor and sensory tracts of the Central Nervous System.

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1. Pyramidal tracts
  
  The most important motor pathways of the CNS.
  
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2. Posterior column - medial lemniscus pathway (PCML)
  
  This is the main ascending (sensory) pathway of the nervous system.
  
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3. Taste pathway
  
  Neural pathway of the taste.
  
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4. Pathways of the nervous system
  
  [40 exam questions] - Clinical anatomy, topography, functions and more details related to the pathways of the nervous system.
  
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Cranial nerves

The twelve cranial nerves emerge from the brain and the brainstem. Via the cranial nerves, information is exchanged between the brain and areas of the body. More.

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1. 12 cranial nerves
  
  Overview of the 12 cranial nerves.
  
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2. Olfactory nerve
  
  Course of the olfactory nerve viewed from the left side of a parasagittal section.
  
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3. Optic nerve
  
  Optic nerve and visual pathway.
  
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4. Oculomotor, trochlear and abducens nerves
  
  Course of the oculomotor, abducens and trochlear nerves.
  
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5. Ophthalmic nerve
  
  Course and branches of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve.
  
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6. Maxillary nerve
  
  Course and branches of the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve.
  
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7. Mandibular nerve
  
  Course and branches of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve.
  
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8. Facial nerve
  
  Nuclei, course and branches of the facial nerve.
  
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9. Vestibulocochlear nerve
  
  Nuclei, course and branches of the vestibulocochlear nerve.
  
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10. Glossopharyngeal nerve
  
  Course, branches and nuclei of the glossopharyngeal nerve.
  
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11. Vagus nerve
  
  Course, branches and nuclei of the vagus nerve.
  
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12. Accessory nerve
  
  Course, branches and nuclei of the accessory nerve.
  
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13. Hypoglossal nerve
  
  Course, branches and nuclei of the hypoglossal nerve.
  
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14. Cranial nerves
  
  [85 exam questions] - Clinical anatomy, topography, functions and more details related to the cranial nerves.
  
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Peripheral nervous system

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of nerve fibers and cell bodies outside the CNS that conduct impulses to or away from the CNS.

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1. Dermatomes
  
  A dermatome is an area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve.
  
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