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Anatomy
Basics
Terminology Introduction to the musculoskeletal system Introduction to the other systems
Upper limb
Overview Shoulder and arm Elbow and forearm Wrist and hand Nerves and vessels
Lower limb
Overview Hip and thigh Knee and leg Ankle and foot Nerves and vessels
Spine and back
Overview Spine Back
Thorax
Thoracic wall Female breast Mediastinum Lungs Heart
Abdomen
Abdominal wall Peritoneum Stomach Spleen Liver Pancreas Small intestine Large intestine Kidneys and ureters Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the abdomen
Pelvis and perineum
Pelvic girdle and floor Female pelvis and reproductive organs Male pelvis and reproductive organs Urinary bladder and urethra Perineum Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the pelvis
Head and neck
Overview Skull Face and scalp Infratemporal region and pterygopalatine fossa Orbit and contents Nasal region Ear Oral cavity Teeth Pharynx Neck
Neuroanatomy
Overview Cerebrum Diencephalon Cerebellum Brainstem Meninges, ventricular system and subarachnoid space Blood supply of the brain Spinal cord Pathways of the nervous system Cranial nerves Peripheral nervous system
Cross sections
Head and neck Upper limb Thorax Abdomen Male pelvis Female pelvis Lower extremity
Radiological anatomy
Head and neck Thorax Abdomen and pelvis Upper limb Lower limb
Histology
General
Introduction to cells and tissues Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Nervous tissue Muscle tissue Cartilage and bone
Systems
Cardiovascular system Nervous system Integumentary system Musculoskeletal system Respiratory system Urinary system Endocrine system Digestive system Lymphatic system Male reproductive system Female reproductive system
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Neuroanatomy

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Neuroanatomy

Overview

An introduction to the central and peripheral nervous systems.
  1. Central nervous system (CNS): Introduction to the brain
    Basic anatomy and function of the brain.
    Start
  2. Peripheral nervous system (PNS): Nerves, ganglia and plexuses
    Introduction to the peripheral nervous system.
    Start

Cerebrum

The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and consists of the cerebral cortex which is responsible for motor, sensory and cognitive functions.
  1. Lateral view of the brain
    Structures seen on the lateral views of the brain.
    Start
  2. Medial view of the brain
    Structures seen on the medial view of the brain.
    Start
  3. Inferior view of the brain
    Structures seen on the inferior view of the brain.
    Start
  4. Brodmann areas
    An overview of Brodmann areas of the cerebral cortex.
    Start
  5. Hippocampus, fornix and amygdaloid body
    Introduction to the hippocampus, fornix and amygdaloid body.
    Start
  6. Basal ganglia
    Anatomy and function of the basal ganglia.
    Start
  7. Horizontal section of the brain
    Introduction to the internal structures of the brain.
    Start
  8. Coronal section of the brain (thalamus level)
    Internal structures of the brain seen at the thalamus level.
    Start
  9. Motor and sensory cortical homunculus
    Motor and sensory representation of the body in the cerebral cortex.
    Start

Diencephalon

The diencephalon forms the caudal part of the forebrain and plays an important role in both motor and cognitive functions.
  1. Overview of the diencephalon
    Introduction to the diencephalon and the related structures.
    Start
  2. Thalamus
    Overview of the thalamus and surrounding structures.
    Start
  3. Thalamic nuclei
    Main nuclei of the thalamus.
    Start
  4. Hypothalamus
    Location, relations and functions of the hypothalamus.
    Start
  5. Pituitary gland
    Major features of the pituitary gland.
    Start

Cerebellum

The cerebellum is responsible for the co-ordination of movements.
  1. Cerebellar cortex
    Surface anatomy and organization of the cerebellar cortex.
    Start
  2. Cerebellar nuclei
    Deep nuclei of the cerebellum.
    Start

Brainstem

The brainstem consists of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain.
  1. Surface anatomy of the brainstem
    An overview of the surface anatomy of the brainstem.
    Start
  2. Medulla oblongata (internal anatomy)
    An overview of the internal anatomical structure of the medulla oblongata.
    Start
  3. Cranial nerve nuclei
    An overview of the cranial nuclei of the brainstem.
    Start

Meninges, ventricular system and subarachnoid space

In this chapter we explore the meninges, subarachnoid space and the ventricles of the brain.
  1. Cranial meninges
    Anatomy and structure of the meninges of the brain.
    Start
  2. Ventricles of the brain
    Anatomy of the ventricular system of the brain.
    Start
  3. Cerebrospinal fluid production and circulation
    Introduction to cerebrospinal fluid and its circulation pathways.
    Start

Blood supply of the brain

Introduction to the arteries and veins of the brain.
  1. Arteries of the brain
    Arteries of the brain seen from the lateral and medial views of the brain.
    Start
  2. Veins of the brain
    Introduction to the veins of the brain.
    Start
  3. Dural venous sinuses
    Introduction to the dural venous sinuses.
    Start

Spinal cord

The spinal cord and the brain, together, make up the central nervous system (CNS). This chapter will discuss all the anatomy related to the spinal cord.
  1. Topography and morphology of the spinal cord
    Introduction to the external morphology and topography of the spinal cord.
    Start
  2. Spinal meninges and nerve roots
    Introduction to the meningeal layers and spinal roots of the spinal cord.
    Start
  3. Internal morphology of the spinal cord
    An overview of the internal morphology and structure of the spinal cord.
    Start
  4. Spinal nerves
    Explore the anatomical structure and formation of the spinal nerves.
    Start
  5. Blood vessels of the spinal cord
    Arteries and veins of the spinal cord.
    Start

Pathways of the nervous system

Main motor and sensory tracts of the central nervous system.
  1. Pyramidal tracts
    The most important motor pathway of the CNS.
    Start
  2. Posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway (PCML)
    This is the main ascending (sensory) pathway of the nervous system.
    Start
  3. Taste pathway
    Neural pathway of taste.
    Start

Cranial nerves

The twelve cranial nerves emerge from the brain and the brainstem. Via the cranial nerves, information is exchanged between the brain and areas of the body.
  1. 12 cranial nerves
    Overview of the 12 cranial nerves.
    Start
  2. Olfactory nerve (CN I)
    Overview of the olfactory nerve and pathway.
    Start
  3. Optic nerve (CN II)
    Optic nerve and visual pathway.
    Start
  4. Oculomotor, trochlear and abducens nerves (CN III, IV & VI)
    Overview of the cranial nerves associated with eye movement.
    Start
  5. Ophthalmic nerve (CN V1)
    An overview of the nuclei, course and branches of the ophthalmic nerve.
    Start
  6. Maxillary nerve (CN V2)
    An overview of the course, branches and function of the maxillary nerve.
    Start
  7. Mandibular nerve (CN V3)
    An overview of the course, branches and function of the mandibular nerve.
    Start
  8. Facial nerve (CN VII)
    Nuclei, course and branches of the facial nerve.
    Start
  9. Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
    Nuclei, course and branches of the vestibulocochlear nerve.
    Start
  10. Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
    Course, branches and nuclei of the glossopharyngeal nerve.
    Start
  11. Vagus nerve (CN X)
    Course, branches and nuclei of the vagus nerve.
    Start
  12. Accessory nerve (CN XI)
    Course, branches and nuclei of the accessory nerve.
    Start
  13. Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
    Overview of nuclei, course and branches of the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).
    Start

Peripheral nervous system

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of nerve fibers and cell bodies outside the CNS that conduct impulses to or away from the CNS.
  1. Autonomic nervous system
    Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS.
    Start
  2. Dermatomes and myotomes
    Overview of the dermatomes and myotomes of the body.
    Start

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