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Anatomy
Basics
Terminology Introduction to the musculoskeletal system Introduction to the other systems
Upper limb
Overview Shoulder and arm Elbow and forearm Wrist and hand Nerves and vessels
Lower limb
Overview Hip and thigh Knee and leg Ankle and foot Nerves and vessels
Spine and back
Overview Spine Back
Thorax
Thoracic wall Female breast Mediastinum Esophagus Lungs Heart Diaphragm
Abdomen
Abdominal wall Peritoneal cavity Stomach Spleen Liver Pancreas Small intestine Large intestine Kidneys and ureters Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the abdomen
Pelvis and perineum
Pelvic girdle and floor Female pelvis and reproductive organs Male pelvis and reproductive organs Urinary bladder and urethra Perineum Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the pelvis.
Head and neck
Overview Skull Head Orbit and contents Nasal region Ear Teeth Oral cavity Pharynx Neck Nerves and vessels
Neuroanatomy
Cerebrum Subcortical structures Cerebellum and brainstem Ventricles, meninges and blood vessels Spinal cord Pathways of the nervous system Cranial nerves Peripheral nervous system
Cross sections
Head and neck Upper extremity Thorax Abdomen Male pelvis Female pelvis Lower extremity
Histology
General
Introduction to cells and tissues Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Nervous tissue Muscle tissue Cartilage and bone
Systems
Cardiovascular system Nervous system Integumentary system Musculoskeletal system Respiratory system Excretory system Endocrine system Digestive system Lymphatic system Male reproductive system Female reproductive system
Fetal tissues
Head and neck Trunk and limbs
Radiological anatomy
Head and neck
Head: Axial CT Brain: Axial MRI T2 Face: Axial MRI T2 Neck: Axial CT
Abdomen and pelvis
Abdomen: Axial MRI T2 Abdomen: Axial CT Female pelvis: Axial CT
Upper extremity
Shoulder: Axial MRI PD Wrist: Axial MRI T1
Lower extremity
Knee: Axial MRI
Thorax
Chest X-ray
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Neuroanatomy

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Neuroanatomy

Cerebrum

The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and consists of the cerebral cortex which is responsible for motor, sensory and cognitive functions.
  1. Introduction to the brain
    Basic anatomy and function of the brain.
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  2. Lateral views of the brain
    Structures seen on the lateral views of the brain.
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  3. Superior view of the brain
    Structures seen on the superior view of the brain.
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  4. Medial view of the brain
    Structures seen on the medial view of the brain. The images show a midsagittal section of the brain.
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  5. Basal view of the brain
    Structures seen on the basal view of the brain with the brainstem removed, showing the cut surface of mesencephalon.
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  6. Motor and sensory cortical homunculus
    Motor and sensory representation of the body in the cerebral cortex.
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  7. Brodmann areas
    The cerebral cortex is divided into 52 regions according to its cytoarchitecture.
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Subcortical structures

Below the cortex there are important structures (limbic system, diencephalon and ventricles) that play an important role in both motor and cognitive functions.
  1. Thalamus
    Overview of the thalamus and surrounding structures.
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  2. Hippocampus and fornix
    Hippocampus, fornix and neighbouring structures.
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  3. Thalamic nuclei
    Main nuclei of the thalamus.
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  4. Hypothalamus
    Nuclei and connections of the hypothalamus.
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  5. Pituitary gland
    Major features of the pituitary gland.
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  6. Hypophyseal portal system
    The system of blood vessels connecting the hypothalamus with the pituitary gland.
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  7. Basal ganglia
    Main nuclei of the basal ganglia and surrounding structures.
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  8. Coronal section of the brain at the thalamus level
    Internal structures of the brain seen at the thalamus level.
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  9. Horizontal section of the brain
    Horizontal sections of the brain at the levels of the genu of the corpus callosum and habenula.
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Cerebellum and brainstem

The Cerebellum is responsible for the co-ordination of movements. The Brainstem consists of medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain.
  1. Cerebellum
    Anterior and superior views of the cerebellum.
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  2. Cerebellar nuclei
    Deep nuclei of the cerebellum.
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  3. Brainstem
    Brainstem and related structures.
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  4. Anterior view of the brainstem
    Anterior view of the brainstem and related structures
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  5. Cranial nerve nuclei
    Cranial nerve nuclei in the brainstem seen from lateral and medial views.
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  6. Medulla oblongata: Hypoglossal nerve level
    Structures of the medulla oblongata at the hypoglossal nerve level.
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  7. Medulla oblongata: Vagus nerve level
    Nuclei and tracts of the medulla oblongata at the vagus nerve level.
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Ventricles, meninges and blood vessels

In this chapter we explore the layers that cover the CNS (meninges), the vessels and the ventricles of the brain.
  1. Ventricles of the brain
    Ventricular system of the brain with neighboring structures.
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  2. Arteries of the brain
    Arteries of the brain seen from the lateral and medial views of the brain.
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  3. Arteries of the brain II
    Arteries of the brain seen from an inferior view.
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  4. Superficial veins of the brain
    Superficial veins of the brain seen from lateral and medial views of the brain.
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  5. Superficial veins of the brain II
    Superficial veins of the brain seen from an inferior view.
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  6. Meninges of the brain
    Meninges and superficial vessels of the brain.
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  7. Arachnoid granulations
    Meninges, spaces between the meninges and arachnoid granulations.
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  8. Dural venous sinuses
    Dural venous sinuses and neighbouring structures.
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  9. Subarachnoid cisterns of the brain
    Cisterns are the dilations within the subarachnoid space filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
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Spinal cord

The spinal cord and the brain, together, make up the central nervous system (CNS). This chapter will discuss all the anatomy related to the spinal cord.
  1. Spinal cord in situ
    Spinal cord in situ seen at the level of a thoracic vertebra.
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  2. Structure of the spinal cord
    Full structure of the spinal cord seen from a dorsal view.
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  3. Spinal cord: Cross section
    Take a look at the spinal cord grey matter and fibers of the white matter tracts.
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  4. Spinal membranes and nerve roots
    Section of the spinal cord showing the spinal membranes and nerve roots.
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  5. Blood vessels of the spinal cord
    Arteries and veins of the spinal cord.
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Pathways of the nervous system

Main motor and sensory tracts of the Central Nervous System.
  1. Pyramidal tracts
    The most important motor pathways of the CNS.
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  2. Posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway (PCML)
    This is the main ascending (sensory) pathway of the nervous system.
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  3. Taste pathway
    Neural pathway of taste.
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Cranial nerves

The twelve cranial nerves emerge from the brain and the brainstem. Via the cranial nerves, information is exchanged between the brain and areas of the body.
  1. 12 cranial nerves
    Overview of the 12 cranial nerves.
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  2. Olfactory nerve
    Course of the olfactory nerve viewed from the left side of a parasagittal section.
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  3. Optic nerve
    Optic nerve and visual pathway.
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  4. Oculomotor, trochlear and abducens nerves
    Course of the oculomotor, abducens and trochlear nerves.
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  5. Ophthalmic nerve
    Course and branches of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve.
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  6. Maxillary nerve
    Course and branches of the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve.
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  7. Mandibular nerve
    Course and branches of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve.
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  8. Facial nerve
    Nuclei, course and branches of the facial nerve.
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  9. Vestibulocochlear nerve
    Nuclei, course and branches of the vestibulocochlear nerve.
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  10. Glossopharyngeal nerve
    Course, branches and nuclei of the glossopharyngeal nerve.
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  11. Vagus nerve
    Course, branches and nuclei of the vagus nerve.
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  12. Accessory nerve
    Course, branches and nuclei of the accessory nerve.
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  13. Hypoglossal nerve
    Course, branches and nuclei of the hypoglossal nerve.
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Peripheral nervous system

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of nerve fibers and cell bodies outside the CNS that conduct impulses to or away from the CNS.
  1. Vertebral column and spinal nerves
    A lateral view of the vertebral column, spinal cord and spinal nerves.
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  2. Dermatomes
    A dermatome is an area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve.
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  3. Autonomic nervous system
    Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS.
    Start

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