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Anatomy
Basics
Terminology Introduction to the musculoskeletal system Introduction to the other systems
Upper limb
Overview Shoulder and arm Elbow and forearm Wrist and hand Nerves and vessels
Lower limb
Overview Hip and thigh Knee and leg Ankle and foot Nerves and vessels
Spine and back
Overview Spine Back
Thorax
Thoracic wall Female breast Mediastinum Lungs Heart Diaphragm
Abdomen
Abdominal wall Peritoneum Stomach Spleen Liver Pancreas Small intestine Large intestine Kidneys and ureters Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the abdomen
Pelvis and perineum
Pelvic girdle and floor Female pelvis and reproductive organs Male pelvis and reproductive organs Urinary bladder and urethra Perineum Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the pelvis
Head and neck
Overview Skull Head Orbit and contents Nasal region Ear Teeth Oral cavity Pharynx Neck Nerves and vessels
Neuroanatomy
Cerebrum Subcortical structures Cerebellum and brainstem Ventricles, meninges and blood vessels Spinal cord Pathways of the nervous system Cranial nerves Peripheral nervous system
Cross sections
Head and neck Upper limb Thorax Abdomen Male pelvis Female pelvis Lower extremity
Radiological anatomy
Head and neck Thorax Abdomen and pelvis Upper limb Lower limb
Histology
General
Introduction to cells and tissues Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Nervous tissue Muscle tissue Cartilage and bone
Systems
Cardiovascular system Nervous system Integumentary system Musculoskeletal system Respiratory system Urinary system Endocrine system Digestive system Lymphatic system Male reproductive system Female reproductive system
Fetal tissues
Head and neck Trunk and limbs
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AnatomySpine and back
Spine and back

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Spine and back

Overview

The back consists of the posterior aspect of the body and includes the vertebral column. Let’s start with some basic concepts about the back and the spine.
  1. Regions of the back and buttocks
    Introduction to the regions of the back and buttocks.
    Start
  2. Vertebral column
    Introduction to the vertebral column.
    Start

Spine

The spine (or vertebral column) is a bony structure providing the main support within the axial skeleton. Learn below the anatomy of the spine.
  1. Cervical spine
    An overview of the structure, joints and ligaments of the cervical spine.
    Start
  2. Thoracic spine
    An overview of the structure, joints and ligaments of the thoracic spine.
    Start
  3. Lumbar spine
    An overview of the structure, joints and ligaments of the lumbar spine.
    Start
  4. Sacrum and coccyx
    An overview of the structure, joints and ligaments of the sacrum and coccyx.
    Start
  5. Craniovertebral joints and ligaments
    An overview of the joints and ligaments of the craniovertebral region.
    Start
  6. Joints of the vertebral bodies and arches
    An overview of the joints of the vertebral bodies and arches.
    Start
  7. Arteries of the vertebral column
    An overview of the arterial supply of the vertebral column.
    Start
  8. Veins of the vertebral column
    An overview of the venous drainage of the vertebral column.
    Start

Back

The dorsal trunk is a group structures, including bones and muscles, which define the back. Those structures comprise the dorsal walls of the abdomen and thorax.
  1. Superficial muscles of the back
    Overview of the superficial muscles of the back.
    Start
  2. Deep muscles of the back
    Overview of the deep muscles of the back.
    Start
  3. Neurovasculature of the back
    Overview of the nerves and vessels of the back and posterior neck.
    Start
  4. Costovertebral joints
    Joints between the ribs and vertebrae.
    Start

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