Types of surface anatomy landmarks	Bony landmarks Soft tissue landmarks External organs
Major surface anatomy structures found on the head, neck and trunk	Anterior: Larynx, sternocleidomastoid muscle, supraclavicular fossa, clavicle, pectoralis major muscle, jugular notch of sternum, sternum, sternal angle, xiphoid process, breast, areola, nipple, costal margin, rectus abdominis muscle, linea alba, semilunar line, umbilicus, mons pubis, anterior superior iliac spine, inguinal ligament, scrotum, penis, glans penis, vulva Posterior: External occipital protuberance, vertebra C7, trapezius muscle, spine of scapula, medial border of scapula, inferior angle of scapula, latissimus dorsi muscle, lumbar triangle (of Petit), iliac crest, posterior superior iliac spine, sacral triangle, sacroiliac joint, anal region
Major surface anatomy structures found on the upper limb	Anterior: Acromion, deltoid muscle, biceps brachii muscle, cubital fossa, thenar eminence, hypothenar eminence Posterior: Triceps brachii muscle, olecranon, radial foveola (anatomical snuffbox)
Major surface anatomy structures found on the lower limb	Anterior: Femoral triangle, quadriceps femoris muscle, patella, tibial tuberosity, tibialis anterior muscle, lateral malleolus, medial malleolus Posterior: Gluteal region, intergluteal cleft, gluteal sulcus, iliotibial tract, hamstring muscles, popliteal fossa, triceps surae muscle, calcaneal (achilles) tendon

Body surface anatomy

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