Temporal muscle

Origin and insertion

The temporalis muscle is a broad muscle that occupies most of the temporal fossa. Its origin point spans the entire surface of the fossa below the temporal line. Additionally, some fibers originate from the temporal fascia as well. 

The temporalis muscle is divided into the anterior and posterior parts. The anterior fibers run inferiorly, in an almost vertical direction, while its posterior fibers are directed almost horizontally. Both anterior and posterior fibers converge onto a narrow tendon that runs medial to the zygomatic arch. The tendon inserts onto the apex and medial surface of the coronoid process of mandible.

Relations 

The temporalis muscle covers the temporal fossa with its deep surface. Superficially, the muscle is covered by the temporal fascia, masseter muscle, subcutaneous tissue and skin. The auriculotemporal, facial and zygomaticotemporal nerves run across the superficial aspect of the temporalis muscle.

Memorizing all the muscles of the human body can be a real challenge! Simplify your learning and focus on the key aspects using Kenhub's muscle anatomy and reference charts! 

Innervation

The temporalis muscle receives its innervation from the anterior, middle and posterior deep temporal branches of the anterior trunk of the mandibular nerve (V3).

To expand your knowledge check out our other articles, videos, quizzes and labeled diagrams about the muscles of mastication.

Blood supply

The temporalis muscle receives its blood supply from the deep temporal branches of the maxillary artery and middle temporal branches of the superficial temporal artery.

Function

The temporalis muscle is the strongest muscle of the temporomandibular joint and the primary retractor of the mandible. The contraction of the posterior fibers of the temporalis muscle results with the backward movement of the mandible (retrusion). The contraction of its anterior fibers moves the mandible dorsocranially (elevation). In unison, these actions facilitate the closing of the mouth and the approximation of the teeth. Additionally, the unilateral contraction of the temporalis muscle plays an important role in the side-to-side movements of the jaw. 

Don't forget to quiz yourself on the temporalis and other masticatory muscles to consolidate your knowledge!