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AnatomyNeuroanatomyBipolar neuron
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AnatomyNeuroanatomyBipolar neuron

Bipolar neuron

Author: Edwin Ocran, MBChB, MSc • Reviewer: Declan Tempany, BSc (Hons)
Last reviewed: February 20, 2024
Reading time: 1 minute

Recommended video: Neurons [11:24]
Neurons are the basic building blocks of the nervous system.
Bipolar neuron
Neuron bipolare
1/3
Synonyms: none

A bipolar neuron refers to a type of nerve cell that has two neuronal processes extending from opposite poles of the cell body: one dendrite and one axon. They represent one of four main morphological types of neurons within the nervous system, the others being multipolar, unipolar and pseudounipolar neurons.

These neurons are relatively uncommon in the body and primarily function as sensory neurons, confined mainly to specific sensory organs. For example, bipolar neurons are located in the retina of the eye, olfactory epithelium of the nose and the cochlear and vestibular ganglia of the ear.

Terminology English: Neuron bipolare

Latin: Neuron bipolare
Definition Two neuronal processes extend directly from the cell body: one dendrite and one axon
Function Sensory neurons: senses of smell, sight and balance

Learn more about bipolar neurons in the following study units:

Neurons Explore study unit
Retina Explore study unit
Olfactory nerve (CN I) Explore study unit

Sources

All content published on Kenhub is reviewed by medical and anatomy experts. The information we provide is grounded on academic literature and peer-reviewed research. Kenhub does not provide medical advice. You can learn more about our content creation and review standards by reading our content quality guidelines.
  • Hagan, C. E., Bolon, B., & Keene, C. D. (2012). Nervous system. In Comparative anatomy and histology (pp. 339-394). Academic Press.
  • McKinley, M. & Loughlin, V. (2012). Human anatomy. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Mescher, A. L., & Junqueira, L. C. (2013). Junqueira's basic histology: Text & atlas. McGraw-Hill Medical.
  • Ross, M. H., & Pawlina, W. (2011). Histology : a text and atlas : with correlated cell and molecular biology (6th ed.). Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health
  • Young, B., O'Dowd, G., & Woodford, P. (2014). Wheater's functional histology: A text and colour atlas. Churchill Livingston/Elsevier.

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